T-SQL String Functions

 --[SUBSTRING( string, start, length )]
    SELECT SUBSTRING('abcdef', 4, 3);   -- ## OUTPUT -- def ##--
   
 --[RUGHT( string, n )]
    SELECT RIGHT('abcde', 3);           

-- ## OUTPUT -- cde ##--
   
 ---[LEFT( string, n )]
    SELECT LEFT('abcde', 3);            

-- ## OUTPUT -- abc ##--
   
 --[LEN( string );]
    SELECT LEN('abcde');              

  -- ## OUTPUT -- 5 ##--
   
 --[CHARINDEX( substring, string [, start_pos] )]
    SELECT CHARINDEX('-','abcdef ghi-jk');   

-- ## OUTPUT -- 11 ##--
   
 --[PATINDEX( pattern, string )]
    SELECT PATINDEX('%[0-9]%', 'abcdfe124563efgh');   

-- ## OUTPUT -- 7 ##--
   
 --[REPLACE( string, substring1, substring2 )]
    SELECT REPLACE('1*3 2*87', '*', '-');           

-- ## OUTPUT -- 1-3 2-87 ##--
   
 --[REPLICATE( string, n )]
    SELECT REPLICATE('abcdef', 2);                

-- ## OUTPUT -- abcdefabcdef ##--
   
 --(The STUFF function allows you to remove a substring from a string
 -- and insert a new substring)
 -- [STUFF( string, pos, delete length, inserting string )]
    SELECT STUFF('tabc', 2, 3, 'his');    

-- ## OUTPUT -- this ##--
   
-- [UPPER( string ), LOWER( string )]
    SELECT UPPER('This is a BOOK');       

-- ## OUTPUT -- THIS IS A BOOK ##--
    SELECT LOWER('This is a BOOK');        

-- ## OUTPUT -- this is a book ##--
   
 --RTRIM( string ), LTRIM( string )
    SELECT LTRIM(' abc');                  

-- ## OUTPUT -- abc ##--
    SELECT RTRIM('abc ');
   
 -- [The LIKE predicate]
    SELECT NAME FROM TBLNAME WHERE NAME LIKE '_d%'  
 -- ## OUTPUT --    Will return names where second character will be d ##-- 
    SELECT NAME FROM TBLNAME WHERE NAME LIKE '[ABC]%' 
-- ## OUTPUT -- Return the names where starting characters will be A,B or C  ##-- 
    SELECT NAME FROM TBLNAME WHERE NAME LIKE '[A-F]%'   
-- ## OUTPUT -- Return the names where starting characters will be A to F  ##-- 
    SELECT NAME FROM TBLNAME WHERE NAME LIKE '[^A-F]%' -- ## OUTPUT -- Return the names where starting characters will not from A to F  ##--

The difference between require() and include()

Here is the explaination from PHP manual.

From PHP manual:-   

require() and include() are identical in every way except how they handle failure. include() produces a Warning while require() results in a Fatal Error. In other words, don’t hesitate to use require() if you want a missing file to halt processing of the page. include() does not behave this way, the scriptwill continue regardless. Be sure to have an appropriate include_path setting as well.

The CSS Box Model

                                                                                               
 
In the middle there is an HTML element like a <p>, <h> or <div> with some height and width. Then there is padding around it and then some border and then finally outside there is margin, which decides the room between an element and its surroundings. Consider the following example of CSS to understand how it works:

.MyMainDIVClass

{

               Width:100px; Height:100px; padding:10px; border: 2px solid gray;

}

…

<div class=’MyMainDIVClass’>

This is box model explanation.

</div>

So what will be the width of this div? So answer is 124px. Because 100 + Padding on both sides =20  makes 100+20=120 and then border on both sides =4 makes 120+4=124

Similarly height will also be 124 by same calculation.

So this how CSS box model works.

.NET Framework Building Blocks

.NET framework is a cluster of several technologies. These include the following:

.NET Languages:

These languages are Visual Basic, C# , J# and C++.

Common Language Runtime (CLR):

The engine that execute all the .NET programs and provide them automatic service like memory management and security checking.

Class Library:

Thousands of pieces of prebuilt functionality that you can use in your web application. Such as ADO.NET – The technology for creating Database application and Windows Forms – The technology for desktop applications.

ASP.NET:

This is the engine that hosts all the web applications.